The classic, heartfelt novel The Secret Life of Bees - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 875 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Secret Life of Bees Essay Did you like this example? The classic, heartfelt novel, The Secret Life of Bees, was written by the New York Times bestselling author, Sue Monk Kidd. The novel was originally published on November 8, 2001 and has since been adapted into a film directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood. Both the novel and the film are narrated by a young, determined fourteen-year-old white girl named Lily Owens. Whilst reading the novel and watching the film, there are several recognizable similarities and differences scattered throughout the two. Between both the novel and the film there are multiple powerful similarities and differences. However, the number of differences between the novel and the film outweigh the similarities drastically. These differences are what have led to the weaknesses and flaws of the film compared to the novel. In both the novel, The Secret Life of Bees, written by Sue Monk Kidd, and the film, The Secret Life of Bees, directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood, the narrator, Lily Owens lives with both her housekeeper, Rosaleen, and abusive father, T. Ray. In both the novel and the film, Lilys mother passed away while she was only four. The strong themes throughout the novel and the film approach the topics of racism, motherhood, and courage. The concept of bees in both the novel and the film are where the two begin to split in direction. In the novel, the use of bees is loosely ruled as a metaphor for the absence of Lilys mother. In her bedroom, Lily feels her mothers presence when a swarm of bees surround her, creating the connection between Lilys mother and the bees. However, the use of bees in the film was not a metaphor, like the novel, but rather literal information on the keeping of bees, resulting in the lack of depth and message throughout the film. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The classic, heartfelt novel The Secret Life of Bees" essay for you Create order There are many fatal differences between the novel and the film that take away from the storyline. For instance, in the novel, Lily has an amazing, powerful connection with August, Zack, and the other girls. Their deep connection seems much more real and strong in the novel compared to the film. Throughout reading the novel, you are given much more important, reliable information, more complex images in your head, and you are able to experience the characters emotions and feelings more in the novel rather than the film. In the film, there seems to be a rush between the feeling of happiness to the sudden feeling of sadness rather quickly. Whereas in the novel, you are subtly transitioned between moods and emotions between the characters, which gives the novel the advantage with connecting with the audience. When reading the novel, you are able to obtain more depth in Lilys emotions and thoughts compared to in the film where there is a lack of information of Lilys feelings and intentio ns. During the creation of the film, there are several necessary scenes that are missed from the novel. For example, when Lily and August have severe conversations with one another are essential for the development of their characters and their relationship. Their intricate conversations are used as Lilys coping mechanism for the mental battles she fought with both herself and T. Ray throughout her life. Also in the novel, T. Ray is portrayed as much more aggressive and violent than he really is in the film where he had more emotions and feelings. Rosaleen is also depicted as much more clumsy and stubborn in the novel whereas in the film she is shown as a soft woman. The endings between the two were rather different and had much more diverse emotions. In the novel, Lily faces T. Ray with the question on whether or not she really is the one who kills her mother. Compared to in the film where she asks if her mother was intent on taking her with her when she left. In the novel, Lily was taken back at the view on the porch, seeing all of her mothers: Rosaleen, June, and August. This develo ped a perfect ending for Lilys story through the loss of one mother and the founding of so many. These mothers protected Lily as if she were their own child and their powerful, beautify motherhood connection of the perfect story seemed to be lacking in the film. Through all of the intricate changes between the well-written novel and the film, they took away from the stories overall potential. With the removal of many important, powerful scenes and details form the book, the film was created as if it were an incomplete puzzle, missing several pieces. The changes were most likely removed from the film to allow for a more general, broad theme, rather than complicating the story with many smaller themes, preventing the film audience from becoming too confused with the novels storyline. The process of comparing and contrasting of the novel and the film has allowed for a better understanding of both pieces and their meanings. Although there were several similarities between the novel and the film, there were also many crucial differences between the two which were found throughout the process. These changes from the novel to the film is what caused for the film to lack critical details and key points which are necessary for the success of the film.

Introduction. Descriptive Statistics Organize And Describe

Introduction Descriptive statistics organize and describe the characteristics of a data set. Researchers are interested in two types of descriptive statistics: central tendency and variability. Measures of central tendency describe the center of a distribution of scores. Common measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode. Variability describes the dispersion or spread of scores in a data set. The three commonly reported measures of variability are standard deviation, range, and variance. Both of these types of descriptive statistics are necessary for research methods because they enable the experimenter to see trends and draw conclusions from the data set. Information provided by the combination of measures of central†¦show more content†¦Method There were 95 PSYC 203 students in this experiment, 11 male and 84 female (M=19.09, SD= .93, Mdn=19, Max=21, Min=18). There were no missing responses. The personality measurement was broken down into 5 subscales. The five variable s that were measured, known as the Big Five personality trait domains, were Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness, Emotional Stability and Extraversion. The subscales were measured with a 1 to 5 Likert scale, with a score of 1 being â€Å"very inaccurate† and five being â€Å"very accurate.† A higher score on an item indicated much agreement between the participant and the trait measured by that item. The measurement had a total of 20 items. Each subscale had four items; of those four items at least two were â€Å"reversed† (meaning that the lowest ranking indicated large agreement with the trait it was measuring). Results We calculated descriptive statistics for each of the Big Five personality traits. The means, standard deviations, and medians for each are as follows: Extraversion (E; M = 3.16, SD = .94, Mdn = 3.25), Agreeableness (A; M = 4.24, SD = .71, Med = 4.25), Conscientiousness (C; M = 3.46, SD = .786, Mdn = 3.5), Emotional Stability (ES; M = 3.11, SD = .75, Mdn = 3.00), and Openness (O; M = 3.69, SD = .76, Mdn = 3.75). The median would be a more accurate measure of central tendency for Agreeableness. The scores in this subscale wereShow MoreRelated1. What Are Descriptive Statistics and How Do They Differ from Inferential Statistics?1000 Words   |  4 Pagesare descriptive statistics and how do they differ from inferential statistics? INTRODUCTION Statistical procedures can be divided into two major categories: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Typically, in most research conducted on groups of people, you will use both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse your results and draw conclusions. So what are descriptive and inferential statistics? 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I particularly enjoyed the focus on three epistemological frameworks, and had a difficult time establishing which of the three I preferred and why. I found myself waveringRead MoreA Research Paper On The Quality Research906 Words   |  4 Pagesand outs of presenting the final product of the research project. She goes on in her book to describe the process of research, which she divides into three sections. In the first section, she lays out a definition (p. 1) of research and is then followed by nine chapters on nine different kinds of theological research (pg. 11-95): â€Å"Biblical Exegesis and Interpretation†, â€Å"Literary Research†, â€Å"Descriptive Research†, â€Å"Program Development†, â€Å"Case Studies†, â€Å"Action Research†, â€Å"Writing for Publication†Read MorePdf, Docx2508 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction to Statistics Statistical Problems 1. A pharmaceutical Co. wants to know if a new drug is superior to already existing drugs, or possible side effects. 2. 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Competencies: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Describe the role of biostatistics serves in theRead MorePSY 326 Research Methods2141 Words   |  9 Pages5 steps of hypothesis testing for your study. Step 1: State the hypothesis. Step 2: Collect the data – For the purpose of this discussion, you will state how you would collect the data. Step 3: Calculate statistics – For the purpose of this discussion, you will indicate the statistics you would use. Step 4: Compare to a critical value – For the purpose of this discussion, you will indicate where you would set the   Ã‚     alpha value and why. Note: Step 4 is hypothetical as you are not actually

Ode To Nightingale By Keats Essay Example For Students

Ode To Nightingale By Keats Essay In Ode to a Nightingale, John Keats, the author and narrator, used descriptterminology to express the deep-rooted pain he was suffering during his battlewith tuberculosis. This poem has eight paragraphs or verses of ten lines eachand doesnt follow any specific rhyme scheme. In the first paragraph, Keatsgave away the mood of the whole poem with his metaphors for his emotional andphysical sufferings, for example: My heart aches, and drowsy numbness pains Mysense (1-2) Keats then went on to explain to the reader that he was speaking tothe light-winged Dryad in the poem. This bird symbolizes a Nightingalethat to many, depicts the happiness and vibrance of life with the way it seemsto gracefully hover over brightly colored flowers to get nectar but, to Keatsdeath, because his was becoming. Shadows numberless at the end of theparagraph signifies the angel of death and spirits that had surrounded Keats. Keats vividly and beautifully described wine: for a beaker full of the warmSouth With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, And purple stained mouth; ThatI might drink, and leave the he used to bury his fears and emotions about death. In verse three, Keats expressed that most people enjoy a full life and die old,when he pens: Here, men sit and hear each other groan; last gray hairs, Whereyouth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies (24-26) He felt that youth was atime in ones life to enjoy. According to him, being rich, popular, beautiful,funny and smart didnt matter because the angel of death was blind. Keats wasafraid of death because of the loved ones he had to leave behind. Heexpresses that with the phrase: And with thee fade away into the forest dim (20)Keats explained that he had wanted to wander off into the forest so no onewouldve had to be bothered by him. In paragraph four, Keats had spoken to theNightingale and told it to go off and leave him alone because he already hadknown that death was coming and didnt want to be reminded of his sad fate. Keats went on to say: I cannot see what flowers are at my feet, Nor what softincense hangs upon the boughs, But, in embalmed darkness (41-43) This meanthe didnt know what was about to happen, only that he was going to die. Hethen illustrated all the creatures and things that would live long past him; Thegrass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild (45) In paragraph six, Keats hadlistened to the Darkling or Nightingale singing and this had reminded himof how at one time in his life he questioned death and was even infatuated by itbecause death was an unknown universe when he composed: for many a time Ihave been half in love with easeful Death, Calld him soft names (51-53)But quickly after he had recalled that memory he stated: Still wouldst thousing, and I have ears in vain- To thy high requiem become a sod. (59-60) Here hewas saying how the Darkling sounded beautiful when it sang but that wasjust a mask for the fate that it was taking him to; death. Thou was not born fordeath, immorta l Bird! (61) The immortal Nightingale wasnt put on this earthto bring people to their deaths, according to Keats. Over generations, the birdhas warned emperors and clowns that death can not be cheated. the fancycannot cheat so well As she is famd to do (73-74) Here he had stated thatthe rich could not buy their way out of death because that was all theNightingale had come to do. The song of the Nightingale had faded and Keatscomposed, thy plaintive anthem fades and now ?tis buried deep (75 77) and he didnt know if it was real or if he had dreamed the wholething. Keats wasnt sure if he was still alive or had died. ?Do I wake orsleep? (80)

The Pianist When the Mercy Comes Where Angels Fear to Trod

However talented a person can be, it is important for a mere mortal to embrace the whole epoch. Even though the period under the discussion might have lasted for several years, one cannot shed the light on every single event that triggered the preset state of affairs. The question is whether a man observes the epoch that has passed from the point of view of a single man who has witnessed this epoch. And it is even more doubtful because of the fact that the man spoken about is a character of a film.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Pianist: When the Mercy Comes Where Angels Fear to Trod specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A well-known, scandalous and talented film director Robert Polanski has managed to create a string of pearls that can be considered as cinematographic perfection, with his unusual approach and the means that he makes the audience face the reality the way it is. Among them, there is the film calle d The Pianist, a winner of the Palme d’Or on the Cannes Festival and the movie that has raised a great stir among the audience, them regarding the film either as the masterpiece of all times which is worth all the works of Polanski taken altogether, while the others rejected the movie just as heatedly as the former admired it. The reasons for such welcome were, probably, that the film director had looked too deep either in the history of the World War II, or into a man’s soul. Since the topics that touched upon the mistreatment of the Jews and anti-Semitism have always been an uneasy subject to discuss, it can be said that Polanski has cut the society to the quick. The atmosphere of hatred and suffering that the war was shot through made the film even more expressive, shocking and true. Whatever the opponents say, it must be noticed that Polanski has managed to show the tragedy of the Jewish people during the World War II in full with help of the little tragedies that occurred during the sorrow that gripped the whole world. Because of the controversy of the subject, the author is trying to convey his ideas with help of the certain people, not aiming at gripping the whole lot of events that occurred during the World War II. Since Polanski had chosen the subject of the fate of the Jews during the war, he meant to shift the plot from the common scenes to something more concrete and certain. Thus, the director decided to explore the clash of pure talent and cruel principles that governed on the battlefield, along with the Germans mistreating the Jews, trying to wipe them from the face of the Earth. Polanski is trying to show that in spite of the cruelty that was reigning in the times of the World War, there was still some room in people’s hearts for sympathy and understanding. Understanding all the blasphemy of what he was going to depict in his film, Polanski makes the German, the Nazi who was supposed to have no heart and no mercy for the pe ople who think unlike him, the one to save the Jewish – just think about this fact, which makes the whole situation twice as miraculous! – pianist.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is a well-known fact that the Jews were taken as the prior enemies of the Nazi. They were killed in the cruelest way, and those that were left alive were herded into ghettoes where they lived what could not be called a life. With numerous prohibitions, fines and penalties that were imposed on those who dared to break the rules, it was worse than death. Wladyslaw Szpilman: It’s an official decree, no Jews allowed in the parks. Dorota: What, are you joking? Wladyslaw Szpilman: No, I’m not. I would suggest we sit down on a bench, but that’s also an official decree, no Jews allowed on benches. Dorota: This is absurd. Wladyslaw Szpilman: So, we should just stand here and talk, I don’t think we’re not allowed to do that. (The Pianist) Such was the ideology of the Nazi and the rules which it dictated that the misery of being a Jew during the World War II was more than simply unbearable – it was an ordeal that made people submissive and filled with fear. Their hopes broken, they could not find any way out. The only ray of hope is that there is still some mercy in the hearts of the people who have been trained to kill for all these years. As the lead character of the film, Wladyslaw Szpilman, encounters the German soldier who intents to kill him and is suddenly captured by the talent of the Polish pianist. Some critics might say that the story sounds like a fairy-tale for adults, since it is well-known that Nazi were not subjected to a lot of sentiments about the culture and the talents of the oppressed nations. Yet Polanski is exercising the ideas of humanism as the ones that can appear within any kind of a person, either a Nazi o r a Communist, or a Democrat. The three pillars that the humanity is based on are the principles of mercy and sympathy, which are integral parts of every single man, despite his or her political or religious beliefs. The idea that the Nazi could have the feeling for the beauty was sudden and striking to the society; being under the impression of the terror that took place during the World War, people could not accept such understanding of the Germans of 1940ies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Pianist: When the Mercy Comes Where Angels Fear to Trod specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Captain Wilm Hosenfeld: What is your name? So I can listen for you. Wladyslaw Szpilman: My name is Szpilman. Captain Wilm Hosenfeld: Spielmann? That is a good name, for a pianist. (The Pianist) The unbelievable dialogue opens the hearts of the public to the new understanding of what the people that were fighting in the war were lik e, and what it was like to be an aggressor and a victim. The reasons for the soldiers to stay cold to the pleas of mercy of the oppressed people could be different, yet the violence that was underlying each step of the German soldiers is undeniable. However many explanations of why they did the things that terrified the people around, the fact that the Germans were not the people to beg forgiveness from was evident. In contrast to his more cool-blooded – or, should I better say, blood-thirsty? – compatriots, Hosenfeld subdues to the charming music that the genius plays and understands that killing such a man would be equal to killing the very art. Thus, the German officer decides to make a very dangerous step, saving the man whose talent he admires. This could seem impossible in the circumstances of the terror and the violence that was reigning around, but if one takes a closer look at the scene, it becomes quite possible. Polanski simply wanted to show that however fa r a man goes, he will always stay a man, with the peculiarities and weird features of his, and with the passions that cannot be wiped out by the war and even death. Wladyslaw Szpilman: I don’t know how to thank you. Captain Wilm Hosenfeld: Thank God, not me. He wants us to survive. Well, that’s what we have to believe.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More (The Pianist) Hosenfeld is intentionally trying to be rude to hide the sentimental feelings of his, so out-of-place when the war is going on. Still it can be noticed that the art of the pianist has awoken his soul, and he is getting used to the new feeling. The music has a magic effect on him, opening his heart to the humane feelings. The most touching and brilliantly shot, The Pianist is on of those films that remind of the life values that must not be forgotten. Being humane when the world demands that a man should forget about mercy is what makes a human. Polanski has managed to show it artfully, and people must not forget about the lesson that they have been taught. Works Cited The Pianist. Dir. Robert Polanski. Perf. Adrien Brody, Thomas Kretschmann, Frank Finlay, Maureen Lipman, Emilia Fox, Michal Zebrowski. Babelsberg, 2001. Film. This essay on The Pianist: When the Mercy Comes Where Angels Fear to Trod was written and submitted by user Kailee E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Stories about Great Thinkers and Inventors

Stories about Great Thinkers and Inventors The following stories about great thinkers and inventors will help to motivate your students and enhance their appreciation of the contributions of inventors. As students read these stories, they will also realize the inventors are male, female, old, young, minority, and majority. They are ordinary people who follow through with their creative ideas to make their dreams a reality. FRISBEE  ® The term FRISBEE did not always refer to the familiar plastic disks we visualize flying through the air. Over 100 years ago, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, William Russell Frisbie owned the Frisbie Pie Company and delivered his pies locally. All of his pies were baked in the same type of 10 round tin with a raised edge, wide brim, six small holes in the bottom, and Frisbie Pies on the bottom. Playing catch with the  tins  soon became a popular local sport. However, the tins were slightly dangerous when a  toss  was missed. It became the Yale custom to yell Frisbie when throwing a pie tin. In the 40s when plastic emerged, the pie-tin game was recognized as a manufacturable and marketable product. Note:  FRISBEE  Ã‚ ® is a registered trademark of Wham-O Mfg. Co. Earmuffs Baby, Its Cold Outside Baby, Its Cold Outside may have been the song running through 13-year-old Chester Greenwoods head one cold December day in 1873. To protect his ears while ice skating, he found a piece of wire, and with his grandmothers help, padded the ends. In the beginning, his friends laughed at him. However, when they realized that he was able to stay outside skating long after they had gone inside freezing, they stopped laughing. Instead, they began to ask Chester to make ear covers for them, too. At age 17 Chester applied for a patent. For the next 60 years, Chesters factory made earmuffs, and earmuffs made Chester rich. BAND-AID  ® At the turn of the century, Mrs. Earl Dickson, an inexperienced cook, often burned and cut herself. Mr. Dickson, a Johnson and Johnson employee, got plenty of practice in hand bandaging. Out of concern for his wifes safety, he began to prepare bandages ahead of time so that his wife could apply them by herself. By combining a piece of surgical tape and a piece of gauze, he fashioned the first crude adhesive strip bandage. LIFE-SAVERS  ® Candy During the hot summer of 1913, Clarence Crane, a chocolate candy manufacturer, found himself facing a dilemma. When he tried to ship his chocolates to candy shops in other cities they melted into gooey blobs. To avoid dealing with the mess, his customers were deferring their orders until cool weather. In order to retain his customers, Mr. Crane needed to find a substitute for the melted chocolates. He experimented with hard candy which wouldnt melt during shipment. Using a machine designed for making medicine pills, Crane produced small, circular candies with a hole in the middle. The birth of LIFE SAVERS! Note on Trademarks  ® is the symbol for a registered trademark. The trademarks on this page are words used to name the inventions. Thomas Alva Edison If I were to tell you that  Thomas Alva Edison  had shown signs of inventive genius at an early age, you probably would not be surprised. Mr. Edison achieved enormous fame with his lifelong contributions of volumes of inventive technology. He received the first of his 1,093 U.S. patents by age 22. In the book, Fire of Genius, Ernest Heyn reported on a remarkable resourceful young Edison, though some of his earliest  tinkering  clearly lacked merit. Age 6 By the age of six, Thomas Edisons experiments with fire were said to have cost his father a barn. Soon after that, it is reported that young Edison tried to launch the first human balloon by persuading another youth to swallow large quantities of effervescing powders to inflate himself with gas. Of course, the experiments brought quite unexpected results! Chemistry and electricity held great fascination for this child,  Thomas Edison. By his early teens, he had designed and perfected his first real invention, an electrical cockroach control system. He glued parallel strips of tinfoil to a wall and wired the strips to the poles of a powerful battery, a deadly shock for the unsuspecting insect. As a dynamo of  creativity, Mr. Edison stood as decidedly unique; but as a child with a curious, problem-solving nature, he was not alone. Here are some more inventive children to know and appreciate. Age 14 At age 14, one schoolboy invented a rotary brush device to remove husks from wheat in the flour mill run by his friends father. The young inventors name?  Alexander Graham Bell. Age 16 At 16, another of our junior achievers saved pennies to buy materials for his chemistry experiments. While still a teenager, he set his mind on developing a commercially viable aluminum refining process. By age 25,  Charles Hall  received a patent on his revolutionary electrolytic process. Age 19 While only 19 years old, another imaginative young person designed and built his first  helicopter. In the summer of 1909, it very nearly flew. Years later,  Igor Sikorsky  perfected his design and saw his early dreams change aviation history.  Silorsky  was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1987. The are more childhood problem-solvers that we can mention. Perhaps youve heard about: Samuel Colts  childhood experience with underwater explosives;Fourteen-year-old Robert Fultons manually operated paddlewheel; andGuglielmo Marconis early mechanical/electrical tinkering.Even television tinker,  Philo T. Farnsworth, conceived his optical scanning idea at the tender age of 14. Inventions Inventions tell something about the inventors place in the society in which they live, a closeness to certain kinds of problems, and possession of certain skills. It is not surprising that up until the mid 20th Century, womens inventions were often related to childcare, housework, and healthcare, all traditional female occupations. In recent years, with access to specialized training and broader job opportunities, women are applying their creativity to many new kinds of problems, including those requiring high technology. While women have frequently come up with new ways to make their work easier, they have not always received credit for their ideas. Some stories about early women inventors show that women often recognized that they were entering a mans world, and shielded their work from the public eye by allowing men to patent their inventions. Catherine Greene Although  Eli Whitney  received a  patent for a cotton gin, Catherine Greene is said to have posed both the problem and the basic idea to Whitney. Furthermore, according to Matilda Gage, (, 1883), his first model, fitted with wooden teeth, did not do the work well, and Whitney was about to throw the work aside when Mrs. Greene proposed the substitution of wire to catch the cotton seeds. Margaret Knight Margaret Knight, remembered as the female Edison, received some 26 patents for such diverse items as a window frame and sash, machinery for cutting shoe soles, and improvements to internal combustion engines. Her most significant patent was for machinery that would automatically fold and glue paper bags to create square bottoms, an invention which dramatically changed shopping habits. Workmen reportedly refused her advice when first installing the equipment because, after all, what does a woman know about machines? More about  Margaret Knight Sarah Breedlove Walker Sarah Breedlove Walker, the daughter of former slaves, was orphaned at seven and widowed by 20.  Madame Walker  is credited with inventing hair lotions, creams, and an improved hair styling hot comb. But her greatest achievement may be the development of the Walker System, which included a broad offering of cosmetics, licensed Walker Agents, and Walker Schools, which offered meaningful employment and personal growth to thousands of Walker Agents, mostly Black women. Sarah Walker was the first American woman  self-made millionaire. More about  Sarah Breedlove Walker Bette Graham Bette Graham hoped to be an artist, but circumstances led her into secretarial work. Bette, however, was not an accurate typist. Fortunately, she recalled that artists could correct their mistakes by painting over them with gesso, so she invented a quick drying paint to cover her typing mistakes. Bette first prepared the secret formula in her kitchen using a hand mixer, and her young son helped to pour the mixture into little bottles. In 1980, the Liquid Paper Corporation, which Bette Graham built, was sold for over $47 million. More about   Bette  GRaham Ann Moore Ann Moore, a Peace Corps volunteer, saw how African women carried babies on their backs by tying cloth around their bodies, leaving both hands free for other work. When she returned to the United States, she designed a carrier which became the popular SNUGLI. Recently Ms. Moore received another patent for a carrier to conveniently transport oxygen cylinders. People needing oxygen for breathing assistance, who were previously confined to stationary oxygen tanks, can now move about more freely. Her company now sells several versions including lightweight backpacks, handbags, shoulder bags, and wheelchair/walker carriers for portable cylinders. Stephanie Kwolek Stephanie Kwolek, one of Duponts leading chemists, discovered the miracle fiber, Kevlar, which has five times the strength of steel by weight. Uses for Kevlar are seemingly endless, including ropes and cables for oil drilling rigs, canoe hulls, boat sails, automobile bodies and tires, and military and motorcycle helmets. Many Viet Nam veterans and police officers are alive today because of protection provided by bullet-proof vests made from Kevlar. Because of its strength and lightness, Kevlar was chosen as the material for the Gossamer Albatross, a pedal airplane flown across the English Channel. Kwolek was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1995. More on  Stephanie Kwolek Gertrude B. Elion Gertrude B. Elion, 1988 Nobel laureate in Medicine, and Scientist Emeritus with Burroughs Wellcome Company, is credited with the synthesis of two of the first successful drugs for Leukemia, as well as Imuron, an agent to prevent the rejection of kidney transplants, and Zovirax, the first selective antiviral agent against herpes virus infections. Researchers who discovered AZT, a breakthrough treatment for AIDS, used Elions protocols. Elion was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1991, the first woman inductee. More on Gertrude B. Elion Did you Know That.. windshield wipers were patented by  Mary Anderson  in 1903?dandruff shampoo was patented by Josie Stuart in 1903?a dishwasher was patented by  Josephine Cochrane  in 1914?the first disposable diaper was patented by Marion Donovan in 1951?a compact portable hair dryer was patented by Harriet J. Stern in 1962?a dough product for frozen pizza was patented by Rose Totino in 1979?the Melitta Automatic Drip Coffee Maker was patented by Melitta Benz in Germany in 1908? Between 1863 and 1913, approximately 1,200 inventions were patented by minority  inventors.  Many  more were unidentified because they hid their race to avoid discrimination or sold their inventions to others. The following stories are about a few of the  great minority  inventors. Elijah McCoy Elijah McCoy  earned  about 50 patents, however, his most  famous one  was for a metal or glass cup that fed oil to bearings through a small-bore tube. Elijah McCoy was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1843, the son of slaves who had fled Kentucky. He died in Michigan in 1929. More about  Elijah McCoy Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker created the first striking clock made of wood in America. He became known as the Afro-American Astronomer. He published an almanac and with his knowledge of mathematics and astronomy, he assisted in the surveying and planning of the new city of Washington, D.C. More about  Benjamin Banneker Granville Woods Granville Woods  had more than 60  patents. Known as the Black Edison, he improved Bells telegraph and created an electrical motor that made the underground subway possible. He also improved the airbrake. More about  Granville Woods Garrett Morgan Garrett Morgan  invented an improved  traffic signal. He also invented a safety hood for firefighters. More about  Garrett Morgan George Washington Carver George Washington Carver aided the Southern states with his  many inventions. He discovered over 300 different products made from the peanut which, until Carver, was considered a lowly food fit for hogs. He dedicated himself to teaching others, learning and working with nature. He created over 125 new products with the sweet potato and taught poor farmers how to rotate crops to  improve  their soil and their cotton.  George Washington Carver  was a great scientist and inventor who learned to be a careful observer and who was honored throughout the world for his creation of new things. More about  George Washington Carver

Test Tube Thunderstorm Chemistry Demonstration

Test Tube Thunderstorm Chemistry Demonstration You can react chemicals to produce what looks like a thunderstorm in a test tube. This is a spectacular chemistry demonstration that is suitable for chemistry class or lab. Safety You must be careful with this demonstration and keep any students away from the setup. It involves corrosive acid, flammable alcohol or acetone, and a slight chance of glassware shattering as a result of the vigorous chemical reaction. The test tube thunderstorm demonstration should only be performed by qualified individuals, wearing full protective gear and using proper safety precautions. Materials 95% alcohol (any type) or acetonesulfuric acidpotassium permanganateglass pipettetest tube Perform the Demonstration Wear gloves, a face shield, and protective clothing. Pour some alcohol or acetone into a test tube.Use a glass pipette to introduce a layer of sulfuric acid below the alcohol or acetone. Avoid any mixing of the two liquids, since the demonstration wont work if too much mixing occurs. Do not handle the test tube beyond this point.Drop a few crystals of potassium permanganate into the test tube.Turn out the lights. The sulfuric acid and the permanganate react to form manganese heptoxide, which explodes when it comes into contact with the alcohol or acetone. The reaction looks a bit like a thunderstorm in a test tube.When the demonstration is concluded, inactivate the reaction by using metal tongs to place the test tube into a large container of water. Be very careful! There is a chance the test tube could shatter.

Inghir-Jerusalem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inghir-Jerusalem - Essay Example The synagogue is no more but the Kamal’s grandfather seems to vividly remember that it once stood at the position. As Kamal speaks with some people, the mixing of Arab, French, and Berber languages is evidence enough of their ties to Tinghir. The documentary explores the 2000 years old Jew shelters in the author’s village of Tinghir, situated in Morocco. Throughout the film, Kamal moves back and forth between Tinghir and Israel in search for answers. As the film advances, Kamal meets some Jews who still hold tight to their Moroccan identity. This is great step towards finding out the real events that triggered the Jew migration from Tinghir. The film is based on a true story that shows the collaboration between Jews and Muslims that fell apart after the Jews moved to Israel. Although the Jews did not have it all, the coexistence was still a great one. As Kamal speaks to both sides, Jews and Muslims, they seem to cherish and desire a reunion to the great coexistence that they once had. Kamal tries to discover what happened with an aim that the two once friendly communities will one day reunite. The film has an interesting and captivating story line that gives the viewers a desire to watch more as the events unfold. The film has an important lesson and can be used to stop the raging conflicts that are recurrent in today’s world. From time to time, the Israelites are in conflict with the Arab nations and as a result, a great hostility has escalated. How could the once peaceful coexistence turn into raging conflicts and everyday war? What went wrong? What can be done? These are among the many questions on peoples’ minds as they try to bring to an end the seemingly unending conflict. This film can be used as a starting point to remind the two conflicting sides of the enviable cooperation that once was. In addition, the Muslims were not the reason for the Jew

Why were the Americans unable to prevail in Vietnam whilst the British Essay

Why were the Americans unable to prevail in Vietnam whilst the British succeeded in Malaya - Essay Example The war was viewed by the American people as redundant as they were not convinced of any potential danger from the rising communism in the Asian regions. This resulted in the U.S. presidents of the Cold war era losing the votes of the common people in support of the war. Moreover, the war proved to be expensive and the economic repercussions were felt for more than a decade. After the end of the war which happened more because of the agitation among the American people, the final consequences became a learning experience of the U.S. leaders for what strategies to adopt in any future conflicts. The Malayan emergency was a guerrilla war between the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) and the British and Commonwealth forces. The MNLA communists were mainly comprised of the poor Chinese population who were based in jungles. The MNLA and its allies termed the combat as Anti-British National Liberation War. The guerrillas focused on rescuing Malaya from the controlling power of the Bri tish colonial administration. The conflict which started on 18 June 1948 was termed as Emergency after three European plantation managers were killed by the guerrillas in the northern state of Perak (â€Å"The Malayan Emergency: Background†). . ... For instance, the Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775, the capture of Fort Sumter in 1861, the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, and the North Korean invasion of South Korea in June 1950. Unlike these events, the American war in Vietnam had no concrete reasons nor was there any fixed beginning point. The American participation in the Vietnam War was a result of series of events that occurred during the period between 1950 and 1965. In the month of May 1950, the then American President Harry S. Truman sanctioned to initiate a modest program for helping the French. Truman sanctioned economic and military assistance to the French who were engaged in battles to retain their controlling power of their Indochina colony, including Laos, Cambodia as well as Vietnam. When the Vietminh army which was originally formed to protect Vietnam from the French colonial power defeated the French armed forces at Dienbienphu in 1954, the French were left with no other choice but to create a Communist Vietnam north of the 17th parallel. Then the south of that line remained as a non-Communist region. The United States however did not agree with this kind of arrangement. When Dwight D. Eisenhower became the U.S. president, his administration attempted to take over and build a nation in South Vietnam which was by then holding a fake political entity. The U.S. concocted a government in South Vietnam, subjugated the French army and also sent military advisers to prepare a South Vietnamese army. U.S. also unleashed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in order to conduct a psychological warfare against North Vietnam. In early 1961, President John F. Kennedy designed another strategy that contributed towards

Morality and Relagion Essay Example for Free

Morality and Relagion Essay Morality refers to a set of principles that guide an individual on how one evaluates right and wrong. People believing in religion consider morality is shaped by religion because they believe that morality can be understood only in the context of religion; therefore, those religious people insist if there were no religion, people would be out of control. However, religious beliefs give people a wrong definition of moral value, indeed, morality is shaped only by instinct and environment. Regardless of religion, morality comes from instinct. Human beings are social creatures; they have to live in groups for reproduction and survival that has not changed at all since the ancient time. Looking back to history, people live in groups to share food, to take care of infants and build social networks to meet the daily challenges of their environment. Similarly, at the present time, people value their society for the same purposes. Even though the way to live has changed for instance, in the Stone Age people hunted and shared foods for their living, unlike people who do business for their living nowadays; they still depend on each other for reproduction and survival. Therefore, people instinctively have to keep their relationship between each other, and morality is formed to maintain the relationship. Consequently, every human being has morality regardless of religious beliefs. If the religious people insist that religions shape morality, non-religious people or atheists shouldn`t have morality. However, those people do have morality and they can judge the things right or wrong like other people who believe in religion. Furthermore, people who believe in religion said that the religion shapes morality, yet there are so many different religions around the world. Some people believe in Christianity, other believes in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam etc. Each religion worships different Gods, and has difference belief systems. Christians, for instance, believe in Jesus Christ while Buddhists venerate Gautama. Even though the same religion, there are different branches. Christianity, for instance, has Catholics and Protestants; on the other hand, Buddhism separate to Mahayana and Theravada. Therefore, if the morality is formed base on religion, the definition of morality should vary since there are many different regions. However, morality that people use in an attempt to do the right thing is the same. â€Å"Trolley Problem†, posted by Phillipa Foot in her 1967 paper, â€Å"Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect† help for clear understanding about morality (Clark). She was a British philosopher, and she explained if a person put in dilemma to choice for saving five people`s lives or a person`s life, he or she must choose five people`s lives to save instead of one no matter whatever religion he or she believes. Therefore, religion does not affect morality. If the religions control people`s moral values, different religions will define different moral values, and the answer about â€Å"Trolley Problem† may vary. On the other hand, not only humans but also animals have morality. Frans de Waal, Charles Howard Candle professor of Primate Behavior in the Emory University, shared the experimental results that showed the moral behavior in animals. Chimpanzees help each other to get food, and they reconcile after fighting. Those behaviors pretty much indicate their morality (Waal). Since both human and animals have morality, religion that only existence in human world could not be a source of forming moral. Environment shapes moral values. Religion does not affect moral values, but environment does affect because adaption on environment is very important for survival. Darwin`s evolutionary theory â€Å"Natural Selection† proved that all living organisms modified to adapt the environment. Consequently, moral value is different from each environment where people live. Western countries are more individualistic while Asian countries are more collectivistic. Americans, for example, individuality is a moral value; however, helping each other is a moral value in China. Mr Meier, ESL 33B professor, who has an experience for teaching both American and Asian students, mentioned that American students do not willing help each other during the test because they believe self-1 / 2 reliance as a moral value. Contrast, Asian students prefer to help each other during the test because using each other to achieve their gold is a moral value for Asian countries. Consequently, governments get involved in defining the different moral values. The US government has less control on the society; therefore, people have more freedom, and it leads to enhance the self- reliance as a moral value. However, Asian countries, where government strictly controls various aspects, have less freedom and people in those countries have to rely on each other to get to their goals. Therefore, those people regard helping each other as a moral value. In addition, cultures, which co-exist in different environments, also define the moral values. In Asian cultures, people are taught to respect and care elder people. Therefore, people from Asia believe respecting the elder and taking care of those people as a moral value. For instance, in Japan, national health insurance system is running very well because people are willing to pay insurance fees, which helps elder people who need health care services. People consider even though they do not need health services right now, elder people who need health care gain the benefits from insurance system, and they are happy to help those people by paying monthly insurance fees. However, in Western culture, people regard self-belief as a moral value, and they do not prefer to help elder people. Therefore in the US, national health insurance system does not exist, and even though President Obama tried to construct the health insurance system, it did not work well because of different moral values. Therefore, moral value is pretty much related to environment. Religious beliefs exacerbate the collapse the morality. Religion controlled its believers, and people believing in religion tend to believe whatever the rules that religion lay down. For instance, sky burial, which is take place in Tibetan Buddhism, is the most gross burial way if we think from our common sense of morality. Human corpses are placed on a mountaintop as a prey for birds such as vultures, eagles and other scavengers. Buddhist monks are subjected to the sky burial funerary. They go to the mountaintop by themselves to conduct the funeral ceremony. However, that is normal for people who believe in Tibetan Buddhism because religion teaches the believers â€Å"Humans are part of nature. (People) arrive in the world naturally and they leave it naturally. Life and death are part of a wheel of reincarnation. Death is not to be feared. † (Xinran 159). Therefore, they were controlled by religion to believe conducting sky burial is the way to return the body back to the nature. On the other hand, religious belief ignite the people`s competitive spirit that lead to break morality. Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is one of the examples that easy to understand for how religious belief stir the people`s competitive spirit. ISIS, the biggest Islamic terrorist group, attempts to create a new Islamic country in Middle East. ISIS has rapidly expanded by taking over Iraq and Syria territories. ISIS has killed so many innocents who do not follow Islam. This immoral behavior occurred because of ISIS, which was created by extreme Muslim believers, who regard their religion as the best on the world. They want to spread their religion; therefore, they force other people to become a part of Muslim believer by using immoral ways. Therefore, religious beliefs lead people to collapse the morality. In conclusion, morality is important to maintain our society. Every living organism that depends on each other to maintain life cannot survive without morality. However, humans misunderstand that religion shapes morality, but if we think critically, we can understand that morality is formed not because of religion but because of instinct and environment. Works Cited Clark, Josh. â€Å"How the Trolley Problem Works. † How Stuff Works. N. p. ,n. d. Web, 24 Oct. 2014. Waal, Frans De. â€Å"Moral Behavior in Animals. † TED. N. p. , Nov. 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2014 Xinran, Xue. â€Å"Sky Burial. † Sky Burial. New York: Anchor Books, July. 2006. Print. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

The Ambiguous and Separate Natures of Mosca and Volpone :: Volpone Mosca

The Ambiguous and Separate Natures of Mosca and Volpone The "dynamic duo" consisting of Mosca and Volpone in Ben Jonson's play Volpone are consistently and inconsistently similar. Strangely enough, appearances can be both correct and deceiving indicators of each character's traits. The obvious notions of each player are often replaced by the intricacies of individuality. Considered together, Mosca and Volpone both are childless, unmarried, and cunning deceivers. They are both guilty of unbridled materialism and sordid betrayals. Also, each character depends on some form of disguise- either physical or mental (1.1. 1,31; 1.2.73). Both lustfully desire women, are presumably childless, and unmarried (1.2.117-118). Mosca and Volpone are both alike in their linkage to their personalities by metaphor. Differences, however, arise soon enough. The play's establishment of a societal hierarchy is a worthy consideration in the comparison of Mosca and Volpone. Mosca is bound and resistant to his subservience as a "parasite" to his equally dishonest benefactor (Volpone) (1.1.69). Mosca's pla ce in society is much less considerable than Volpone's as his longer, more severe punishment reveals. Mosca is left without the saving graces of the status of gentleman (5.12.18). Increasingly, Mosca's metaphorical affiliation (the housefly) conveys his common existence and non-influential social class. Further, Mosca resents being Volpone's support system and setting up his wealthy well-wishers for swindlings. Mosca is (at best) praised for being a "fine devil" (5.3.46). Also, as a parasite, Mosca f eels the need to be appreciated for his services- "You see, sir, how I work/ Unto your ends..." (4.6.91-92). Another distinction between both characters is that Mosca feels proud (even in reliable soliloquies) of his prosperous misdeeds. Mosca remarks, "I fear I shall begin to grow in love/ With my dear self..." (3.1-2). His pride grows into viciousness and a plot to kill his own master in a "Fox-trap" (5.5.18). Volpone, while equally witty and deceptive, demonstrates he has more power in the relationship. Volpone uses this capability to attempt to claim Celia's hand despite Mosca's non-verbalized attempt to do likewise (1.5.108-116). As a nobleman, it st ands to reason that Volpone is more "wrong" for his aspirations. However, in his pursuit, Volpone has real ethical problems (unlike Mosca) with his actions. He talks of expelling a conscious "humor from [his] heart" and cries "What a vile wretch was I" (5.11.12-15). Mosca is also the driving force for rekindling Volpone's evil in the duo's attempt to "gull the court" (5.

Rising food prices

The economic and political ramifications of rising oil prices are astounding. It is interesting how far they reach, and also how deeply dependent countries are on this commodity. It shows that the extent to which oil might be considered fundamental is a significant one, given its impact on the most basic human need: food. The economics of oil demonstrates itself as being perhaps the most intricate of all commodities, as it has the ability to affect not just the economy of its suppliers by also the economy of the entire world. The idea that food (or the lack thereof) can stir national conflict does not appear to be very far-fetched. However, the connection that food has to oil prices certainly places oil (as a commodity) in a much higher place than it perhaps should be. Oil is usually considered closely connected to such non-essential (yet highly used) commodities as gasoline and by extension motor vehicles. The importance of oil on the world market may for this reason have been considered an enigma. However, this connection that it has to food makes it understandable why the demand for oil is so inexorably high (Whitelaw, 2008). Of concern is the realization that the rising food costs have also been affecting the ability of the United Nations’ food aid agency and other philanthropic organizations to provide food for the economically struggling countries. The international aspect of the rising prices may spell doom for certain countries that have benefited from such aid in the past. More frightening is that fact that it may also create further shortages in areas that before had needed no aid, and it has been affecting the chances for relief possessed by refugees fleeing famine in their own countries (Whitelaw, 2008). These implications make it more exigent that alternative energy sources be sought. It may end up being more economical to spend millions on research that will result in a more sustainable form of energy. The prospect of oil depletion in the coming years is clearly not the only problem humans now face in regard to concentration upon this particular energy source. More immediate effects resulting in economic and political tension are clearly serious consequences of humans’ dependence on oil. Reference Whitelaw, K. (2008). â€Å"The dangers from rising food prices: costlier commodities could trigger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   unrest in poor countries and may curtail food aid to refugees.† U.S. News World Report.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New York. Available

Philippine Treasure Essay

After watching the documentary of Philippine treasures, I have been get more knowledge about our ancestors treasures remains and I think that the early Filipinos living in the Philippines already had an advanced civilization. Instilled something into me that we were rich, we were rich! We’re talking of gold here it is an opulence. During the early times, the Philippines was filled with gold. These gold were used for everyday clothing of the Filipinos, and even for accessorizing themselves. Our ancestors, the early Filipinos, were civilized enough to know how to process gold. They made many bowls, necklaces and earring out of gold. These gold were part of their daily lives. The Philippines is filled with natural resources, so there was abundance in gold. Some people were even dressed from head to toe in all gold. Also, the early Filipinos were able to craft a doll of a Goddess of Buddhism. This doll also called Golden Tara was a golden alloy, mixed with many other metals. This shows how the Filipinos were knowledgeable to creating alloys with different metal even before Westerners have arrived in our country. The Filipinos have even known how to sew shells and make clothes out of them! There are also several jars that represents the early Filipinos, these jars can be used for multi-purpose storage, because these jars can story many other things aside from water. All these many things were made even before the arrival of the Spaniards or other colonizers, so this shows that the early civilization of the Philippines was very unique and quite advanced. I like the show of Philippine Treasures. It really told us what are some things on this country or treasures are not yet seen by the FILIPINOS. Now I realized that we need to care and concern the importance of some ancient things. I also hope that efforts can be made by officials to preserve the Philippines historical artifacts, and to strengthen support for the National Museum. â€Å"Don’t Gain The World & Lose Your Soul, Wisdom Is Better Than Silver Or Gold. † ? Bob Marley

Biomedical and Biopsychosocial models of care Essays

Biomedical and Biopsychosocial models of care Essays Biomedical and Biopsychosocial models of care Paper Biomedical and Biopsychosocial models of care Paper Competing positions of the human organic structure as either a biological phenomena or a complex microcosm borne of its environment. hold provided the footing for the development of two different theoretical accounts of attention: the biomedical theoretical account. and the recovery-based psychosocial theoretical account. The theoretical account of attention adopted by attention suppliers to a great extent influences the nature of the intervention given. and the flight of a patient’s journey through unwellness. to wellness. Historically. the biomedical theoretical account of attention has been the foundation of Western medical specialty. and has remained mostly undisputed as the dominant theoretical account of attention used in the bringing of psychiatric intervention. It is practiced with a focal point on disease. pathology. and cure’ . The outgrowth of the biopsychosocial theoretical account ( Engel. 1977 ) and psychosocial rehabilitation has provided the mental wellness sphere with an effectual option to the biomedical theoretical account. With an attack that is person-centred and recovery focused. it aligns with modern-day attitudes about mental upsets holding their beginnings and impacts in a societal context. This paper will critically analyze and compare the benefits and restrictions of both theoretical accounts of attention. through an geographic expedition of three cardinal countries: ( I ) empowerment/disempowerment of the patient. ( two ) deductions for nursing pattern. and ( three ) outcomes. In psychopathology. the biomedical theoretical account emphasises a pharmacological attack to intervention. and supposes that mental upsets are encephalon diseases caused entirely. or by a combination of chemical instabilities. familial anomalousnesss. defects in encephalon construction. or neurotransmitter dysregulation ( Deacon. 2013 ) . This guess makes up one side of a Descartian divide that exists between biological psychopathology and a biopsychosocial attack to mental wellness attention. Engel ( 1977 ) viewed the biomedical theoretical account as reductionist’ . and posited that it neglected the societal. psychological and behavioral dimensions of unwellness. He proposed a biopsychosocial theoretical account that takes into history the patient. the societal context in which he lives. and the complementary system devised by society to cover with the riotous effects of illness’ ( p. 131 ) . It is within this biopsychosocial model. that recovery-focused psychosocial rehabilitation takes topographic point ( Cnaan. Blankertz. Messinger A ; Gardner. 1988 ; King. Lloyd A ; Meehan. 2007 ) . Less nonsubjective than the biomedical theoretical account. psychosocial rehabilitation focuses on the subjective experience of recovery and health. that is. the presence of marks and symptoms may non needfully aline with the individual’s sense of ego and health. ( I ) Empowerment/disempowerment of the patient A relentless unfavorable judgment of the biomedical theoretical account is the averment that the patient is disempowered. First. the nature of the doctor-patient relationship suggests that the patient is a inactive receiver of intervention ; the patient is reduced to a diagnosing. and offered diagnosis-specific intervention options. The function of personal pick exists. nevertheless in a limited capacity. Second. the political orientation underpinning the biomedical theoretical account assumes disease to be a divergence from the biological norm. with illness understood in footings of causing and redress ( Deacon. 2013 ; Shah A ; Mountain. 2007 ; Engel. 1977 ) . This perspective assumes the being of some implicit in pathological cause for symptoms and behavior. and focuses on nonsubjective indexs of recovery ( King et al. . 2007 ) . The deductions of this position are that the patient can non. from his ain resources. make anything to better his unwellness. and to impact any alteratio n in his behavior. he must adhere to diagnosis-specific intervention set out by the head-shrinker. It is argued that the ways in which a patient can be disempowered by a psychiatric diagnosing ( stigma. forced hospitalization. long-run pharmacotherapy etc. ) far outweigh any benefits they might have ( Callard. Bracken. David A ; Sartorius. 2013 ) . Relatively. recovery within the model of psychosocial rehabilitation is widely considered to be authorising for consumers of mental wellness services ( Shah A ; Mountain. 2007 ; Callard et Al. . 2013 ) . Two cardinal rules of psychosocial rehabilitation are an accent on a societal instead than medical theoretical account of attention. and on the patient’s strengths instead than pathologies ( King et al. . 2007 ) . Similar to the doctor-patient relationship of the biomedical theoretical account. there exists a relationship between patients. health professionals and clinicians in the psychosocial model. The accent nevertheless is on the formation of a curative confederation ( King et al. . 2007 ) in which recovery is owned by the patient. with professionals and services easing this ownership ( Mountain A ; Shah. 2008 ) . The purpose of psychosocial rehabilitation is for the patient to hold self-government over their unwellness and wellness. and a fulfilled sense of ego despite the possible continuance of symptoms ( Barber. 2012 ) . This is in blunt contrast to the biomedical theoretical account in which unwellness is managed by the practician. and wellness is hallmarked by the absence of symptoms and disease ( Wade A ; Halligan. 2004 ) . The psychosocial position must besides be considered in footings of its possible restrictions. By puting an accent on self-government and self-management of mental unwellness and well-being. there runs a parallel hazard of transfusing a sense of duty or incrimination within the patient when less than desirable wellness results occur. This is of peculiar relevancy in mental wellness scenes. where hapless wellness results are unluckily. likely ( Deacon. 2013 ) . In the biomedical theoretical account. the head-shrinker would offer some little solace to the patient in the signifier of shouldering the majority of the duty. With respect to authorization of the patient. this impression of care’ versus cure’ suggests that the biomedical theoretical account of attention and psychosocial rehabilitation are two viing theoretical accounts of attention that are divorced from one another. They are non. nevertheless. reciprocally sole. and it is deserving observing that modern-day definitions of the biomedical theoretical account at least effort to see the incorporation of recovery-based intervention attacks ( Barber. 2012 ; Mountain A ; Shah. 2008 ; Wade A ; Halligan. 2004 ) . It has been suggested that modern twenty-four hours doctor-patient relationships are far more aligned with the nature of the psychosocial curative confederation. founded on battle and the acknowledgment of accomplishments and cognition of each spouse ( Mountain A ; Shah. 2008 ) . Specifically in a mental wellness scene. it might be argued that the biomedical theoretical account parts ways with psychosocial rehabilitation by usage of irresistible impulse ( Mountain A ; Shah. 2008 ) . The purpose behind much of today’s mental wellness statute law is guided by the political orientations of the biomedical theoretical account. This consequences in patients with a psychiatric diagnosing being often disempowered. by holding their right to self-government overridden by legal powers of irresistible impulse ( Thomas. Bracken A ; Timimi. 2012 ) . Despite a displacement towards self-government by the biomedical theoretical account. mental wellness patients may be forced to accept intervention against their wants. In resistance to this. the psychosocial model favours a community-based. case-managed’ manner of attention ( King et al. . 2007 ) . which seeks to authorise the patient and maintain independency. ( I ) Deductions for nursing pattern The medical theoretical account is a utile model to help the head-shrinker in the designation of upsets and diseases. However. scientists have identified neither a biological cause nor a dependable biomarker for any mental upset ( Deacon. 2013 ) . and arguably. most mental upsets have their beginning and impact in a societal context ( McAllister A ; Moyle. 2008 ) . Therefore. the cogency of the biomedical theoretical account as a nursing theoretical account of attention in mental wellness scenes must be questioned. The across-the-board nature of the attention bringing required by a psychosocial model may. at times. look to be at odds with more traditional’ constructs of nursing. It is understood that the biomedical theoretical account is the theoretical account on which many nurses base their pattern. It is besides the theoretical account that has long dominated the field of psychopathology ( Stickley A ; Timmons. 2007 ) . despite a overplus of literature adopting the importance of the interpersonal sphere and psychosocial factors. Findingss from a survey by Carlyle. Crowe A ; Deering ( 2012 ) showed that mental wellness nurses working in an inpatient scene described the function of mental wellness services. the function of the nurse and nursing intercessions in footings of back uping a medical theoretical account of attention. This was despite acknowledgment amongst the nurses that they used a psychodynamic model for understanding the aetiology of mental hurt. as being a consequence o f interpersonal factors. The jobs with the usage of the biomedical theoretical account in mental wellness nursing are varied. The overruling end of the biomedical theoretical account is cure. and hence nurses that base their pattern on it must besides take for this result. This is evidently troublesome for a forte that treats upsets that may non hold a definable cause. and typically have hapless results ( Deacon. 2013 ) . Sing care’ versus cure’ . the challenge for nurses working in mental wellness scenes where their pattern is underpinned by the medical theoretical account. is the inability to accomplish the result of attention that they believe to be appropriate. that is. a remedy ( Pearson. Vaughan A ; FitzGerald. 2005 ) . In footings of the proviso of nursing attention. the biomedical model’s focal point on disease and the nonsubjective classification of people by disease can function to depersonalize patients and so excessively. the nursing attention provided to them ( Pearson et al. . 2005 ) . It may good be argued that the biomedical theoretical account devalues the function of the nurse. because the humanistic side to attention is diminished in favor of a medical diagnosing and remedy. Overall. the ideals of mental wellness nursing pattern are constrained by the biomedical theoretical account ( McAllister A ; Moyle. 2008 ) . nevertheless. nurses feel comfy utilizing this theoretical account to explicate their pattern. in the absence of a defined option. Psychosocial rehabilitation as an option to the biomedical theoretical account non merely has positive deductions for consumers of mental wellness services but besides to the nurses who provide their attention ( Stickley A ; Timmons. 2007 ) . Indeed. a wealth of literature supports a displacement from the medical theoretical account to a recovery-based. psychosocial attack ( Engel. 1977 ; Barber. 2012 ; Caldwell. Sclafani. Swarbrick A ; Piren. 2010 ; Mountain A ; Shah. 2008 ) . In contrast to the biomedical theoretical account. the nurse-patient curative confederation is at the nucleus of the psychosocial model ( King et al. . 2007 ) . In this manner. the function of the nurse moves off from being task-focused. to actively developing. coordinating and implementing schemes to ease the recovery procedure ( Caldwell et al. . 2010 ) . Additionally. this theoretical account of attention strongly aligns with nursing perceptual experiences of their function as attention suppliers. their beliefs sing the aetiology of mental upsets. and their attitudes towards best pattern ( McAllister A ; Moyle. 2008 ; Carlyle et Al. . 2012 ) . ( I ) Outcomes By and large. the biomedical theoretical account has been associated with huge betterments in medical attention throughout the twentieth century. Despite its relentless laterality of both policy and pattern. the biomedical theoretical account in respects to the bringing of mental wellness attention is characterised by a deficiency of clinical invention and hapless results ( Deacon. 2013 ) . It does. nevertheless. hold its redeeming qualities. The primary strength of the biomedical theoretical account is its nucleus cognition base derived from nonsubjective scientific experiment. its intuitive entreaty. and relevancy to many disease-based unwellnesss ( Pearson et al. . 2005 ; Wade A ; Halligan. 2004 ) . Evidence-based medical specialty allows the head-shrinker to entree nonsubjective grounds about the safety and effectivity of their intercessions ( Thomas et al. . 2012 ) . Shah A ; Mountain ( 2007 ) argue that the model’s strict methods used to garner grounds that have result ed in legion effectual psychopharmacological interventions. can non be translated in assisting to place which specific elements of psychosocial interventions are effectual. This averment is evidenced by a survey documenting the efficaciousness of a psychosocial rehabilitation programme ( Chowdur. Dhariti. Kalyanasundaram. A ; Suryanarayana. 2011 ) in patients with terrible and dogging mental unwellness. The survey showed important betterment for all participants across a scope of parametric quantities used to step degrees of operation. However. the consequences did non uncover the specific effects of assorted constituents of the rehabilitation programme. doing it hard to insulate each constituent and to analyze its consequence. Regardless. the overall benefits of psychosocial rehabilitation should non be ignored merely due to analyze restrictions. Despite the biomedical model’s strict survey methods and evidence-based nucleus. touchable marks of advancement are few and far between. Indeed. the biomedical attack has failed to clarify the really biological footing of mental upset. and besides failed to cut down stigma ( Deacon. 2013 ; Schomerus et Al. . 2012 ) . Kvaale. Haslam A ; Gottdiener ( 2013 ) determined that biogenetic accounts for psychological unwellnesss increase prognostic pessimism’ and perceptual experiences of dangerousness. and make little to cut down stigma. This decision has obvious deductions in a society where the layperson’s. and in fact. nursing student’s apprehension of mental unwellness is a biogenetic. medicalised’ one ( Kvaale et Al. . 2013 ; Stickley A ; Timmons. 2007 ) . In contrast. psychosocial rehabilitation programmes may hold the consequence of cut downing stigma. As antecedently discussed. psychosocial rehabilitation is underpinned by an political orientation that seeks to authorise the patient. Research has shown that authorization and self-stigma are opposite poles on a continuum ( Rusch. Angermeyer A ; Corrigan. 2005 ) . By heightening the patient’s sense of ego. penetration. social functions. and basic self-care maps ( King et al. . 2007 ) . psychosocial rehabilitation programmes have the ability to cut down the negative effects of stigma. In a survey peculiar to patients with schizophrenic disorder ( Koukia A ; Madianos. 2005 ) . health professionals and relations reported lower degrees of aim and subjective load when the patient was engaged in a psychosocial rehabilitation programme. In their geographic expedition into the cogency of evidence-based medical specialty in psychopathology. Thomas et Al. ( 2012 ) differentiate between specific factors ( e. g. pharmacological intercessions aiming specific neurotransmitter instabilities ) . and non-specific factors ( e. g. contexts. values. significances and relationships ) . They determined that non-specific factors are far more of import in relation to positive results. which would back up a psychosocial attack. In recent old ages. public sentiment and policy has become more aligned with the recovery theoretical account. evidenced by the wealth of literature repeating Engel’s ( 1977 ) proposition of a new medical model’ founded on a biopsychosocial attack. Recently. the Australian Government Department of Health acknowledged the positive results associated with a recovery-based theoretical account. and released the National model for recovery-oriented mental wellness services ( 2013 ) . Despite their ideological differences. psychosocial rehabilitation need non be viewed as the antithesis to the biomedical theoretical account. with literature proposing a grade of compatibility between the two that is going more evident in the modern bringing of mental wellness attention ( Barber. 2012 ; Mountain A ; Shah. 2008 ; Shah A ; Mountain. 2007 ) . Decision Recent old ages have seen important alterations in the perceptual experiences of mental unwellness. and the proviso of mental wellness services that are available. The move towards community-based attention. psychosocial rehabilitation programmes. and authorization of the patient through self-government has been accompanied by a growing in research. and positive results for mental wellness consumers. Despite this advancement. modern mental wellness attention is still mostly dominated by the biomedical theoretical account. Whilst modern-day readings of the psychiatric biomedical theoretical account recognize the value of societal and psychological factors. they appear to make so in a manner that relegates those factors to an order below that of biological factors. This occurs in the absence of any definable biological causes for mental upsets ( Deacon. 2013 ) . A modern-day theoretical account is required in modern mental wellness services. Indeed. Barber ( 2012 ) suggests that recovery should be thought of as the new medical theoretical account for psychopathology. Psychosocial rehabilitation is associated with improved nonsubjective and subjective patient results. and emphasises the function of the nurse. As observed by Engel ( 1977 ) . the bigotry of biomedicine unwittingly consequences in the defeat of patients who believe their echt wellness demands are being inadequately met. True incorporation of a biopsychosocial attack into modern mental wellness attention. would make a model for consistent positive results. and illimitable invention. Mentions Barber. M. ( 2012 ) . Recovery as the new medical theoretical account for psychopathology. Psychiatric Services. 63 ( 3 ) . 277-279. Caldwell. B. . Sclafani. M. . Swarbrick. M. . A ; Piren. K. ( 2010 ) . Psychiatric nursing pattern and the recovery theoretical account of attention. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing. 48 ( 7 ) . 42-48. Callard. F. . Bracken. P. . David. A. . A ; Sartorius. N. ( 2013 ) . Has psychiatric diagnosing labelled instead than enabled patients? The British Medical Journal. 347. Department of the Interior: 10. 1136/bmj. f4312 Carlyle. D. . Crowe. M. . A ; Deering. D. ( 2012 ) . Models of attention bringing in mental wellness nursing: a assorted method survey. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 19. 221-230. Chowdur. R. . Dharitri. R. . Kalyanasundaram. S. . A ; Suryanarayana. R. ( 2011 ) . Efficacy of psychosocial rehabilitation plan: the RFS experience. The Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 53 ( 1 ) . 45-48. Cnaan. R. . Blankertz. L. . Messinger. K. . A ; Gardner. J. ( 1988 ) . Psychosocial rehabilitation: toward a definition. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal. 11 ( 4 ) . 61-77. Deacon. B. ( 2013 ) . The biomedical theoretical account of mental upset: a critical analysis of its cogency. public-service corporation. and effects on psychotherapeutics research. Clinical Psychology Review 33. 846-861. Department of Health. ( 2013 ) . National model for recovery-oriented mental wellness services. Canberra. Australia: Australian Health Minister’s Advisory Council. Engel. G. ( 1977 ) . The demand for a new medical theoretical account: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 196. 129-136. Harding. C. ( 2005 ) . Changes in schizophrenic disorder across clip: paradoxes. forms. and forecasters. In L. Davidson. C. Harding. A ; L. Spaniol ( Eds. ) . Recovery From Severe Mental Illnesses: Research Evidence and Implications for Practice ( pp. 19-41 ) . Boston: Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation. King. R. . Lloyd. C. . A ; Meehan. T. ( 2007 ) . Handbook of psychosocial rehabilitation. Carlton. VIC: Blackwell Publishing. Koukia. E. . A ; Madianos. M. G. ( 2005 ) . Is psychosocial rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients forestalling household load? A comparative survey. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 12. 415-422. Kvaale. E. . Haslam. N. . A ; Gottdiener. W. The side effects’ of medicalisation: a meta-analytic reappraisal of how biogenetic accounts affect stigma. Clinical Psychology Review. 33. 782-794. McAllister. M. . A ; Moyle. W. ( 2008 ) . An geographic expedition of mental wellness nursing theoretical accounts of attention in a Queensland psychiatric infirmary. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 17. 18-26. Mountain. D. . A ; Shah. P. ( 2008 ) . Recovery and the medical theoretical account. Progresss in Psychiatric Treatment. 14. 241-244. Pearson. A. . Vaughan. B. . A ; FitzGerald. M. ( 2005 ) . Nursing theoretical accounts for pattern. Sydney. Naval special warfare: Elsevier. Rusch. N. . Angermeyer. M. . A ; Corrigan. P. ( 2005 ) . Mental illness stigma: constructs. effects. and initiatives to cut down stigma. European Psychiatry. 20. 529-539. Schomerus. G. . Schwahn. C. . Holzinger. A. . Corrigan. P. . Grabe. H. . A ; Carta. M. ( 2012 ) . Development about public attitudes of mental unwellness: a systematic reappraisal and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 125. 440-452. Shah. P. . A ; Mountain. D. ( 2007 ) . The medical theoretical account is dead – long live the medical theoretical account. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 191. 375-377. Stickley. T. . A ; Timmons. S. ( 2007 ) . Sing options: pupil nurses stealing straight from ballad beliefs to the medical theoretical account of mental unwellness. Nurse Education Today. 27. 155-161. Thomas. P. . Bracken. P. . A ; Timimi. S. ( 2012 ) . The anomalousnesss of evidence-based medical specialty in psychopathology: clip to rethink the footing of mental wellness pattern. Mental Health Review Journal. Wade. D. . A ; Halligan. P. ( 2004 ) . Make biomedical theoretical accounts of illness brand for good health care systems? The British Medical Journal. 329. 1398-1401.

The Old News About the Oxymoron

The Old News About the Oxymoron The Old News About the Oxymoron The Old News About the Oxymoron By Mark Nichol Oxymoron, a Greek term combining the words for â€Å"sharp† and â€Å"foolish,† has been adopted in English to refer to inadvertently contradictory or incongruous mash-ups of terms such as â€Å"military intelligence† and â€Å"jumbo shrimp† a class known as subjective oxymora (that latter word is the pedantic-looking plural) because they are not literally at odds with each other. However, the original connotation is of an evocative paradox deliberately framed by a writer an objective oxymoron. One of the most well-known examples is William Shakespeare’s line â€Å"Parting is such sweet sorrow,† from Romeo and Juliet, in which Juliet exults in the bittersweet anguish generated by the lovers’ separation. Shakespeare provided a short list of literary oxymora in this earlier passage from the same speech: â€Å"O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!† The Bard employed oxymora on other occasions, including in Hamlet (â€Å"I must be cruel, only to be kind†), in Julius Caesar (â€Å"fearful bravery†), and in A Midsummer Night’s Dream (â€Å"A tedious brief scene . . . very tragical mirth†). Likewise, John Donne wrote of â€Å"beggarly riches,† Herman Melville of â€Å"a careful disorderliness,† John Milton of â€Å"darkness visible,† and Alexander Pope of a â€Å"bookful blockhead,† and Lord Tennyson ventured of his Lancelot that â€Å"faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.† Classic authors do not have a monopoly on oxymora, though; contemporary coinages are often more than subjective punch lines like â€Å"responsible government.† Here are some other recent examples that might inspire you to convey original ideas in phrases that are more than the sum of their parts: alone together: said, perhaps, of two people that share a physical space but are emotionally isolated from each other cheerful pessimism: a description of a person who blithely notices and remarks on the dark cloud behind every silver lining eloquent silence: a lack of response from someone that nevertheless clearly conveys that person’s attitude hellish paradise: an environment designed to make inhabitants or visitors feel bliss but is, to the more perceptive among them, unnerving in its illusory promise sad smile: a mild expression of superficial cheer that does not mask melancholy or sorrow sublimely awful: a reference to something that is so bad, it arouses ironic delight wise fool: a person of supposed mental weakness more shrewd than he or she seems at first Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†50 Synonyms for "Song"

Why the Eiffel Tower Should Not Be Torn Down Essay

Why the Eiffel Tower Should Not Be Torn Down - Essay Example It took 26 months, 700 engineering plans, 3,000 workshop drawings, and more than 18,000 parts to complete the construction. The Eiffel Tower has cultural importance. With respect to the event that it was built to commemorate, the French Revolution, the Tower holds cultural significance to the people of France. This is because the French Revolution was a time characterized with events aimed at eliminating dictatorship regimes (Eiffel Tower, n.d). Therefore, the Tower indicates a desire for hope as well as freedom. It also signifies the passage from an oppressive time to a hopeful one for the people of Paris (McDowall, 2014). This is a key point that shows a historical significance linked to the Eiffel Tower. People should read about and visit the Eiffel Tower because of its uniqueness with respect to design and cultural uniqueness. It displays the culture of the people of Paris and visiting the site allows a person to experience this culture. In addition, the design of the Eiffel Tower is unique and no other replica has managed to accomplish its features. People should read about it especially in history so as to understand why it was built and what it symbolizes. One of the key reasons as to why the Eiffel Tower is special is that it is the world’s most visited monument. Although there are other monuments of interest around the world, the Eiffel Tower has been the center of interest because it receives more tourists than any other monument. Besides being a monument, it has economic significance to Paris in that it incorporates hotels. The other reason as mentioned earlier is that it marks the end of an oppressive era, which was marked through the French Revolution; therefore, it is special to the people of Paris. Furthermore, the Eiffel Tower is special because it is one of the tallest buildings in the world and remained the tallest for many decades. As a conclusive point, the Eiffel Tower should never be torn

NIKE CASE STUDY based on Corporate Strategy Essay

NIKE CASE STUDY based on Corporate Strategy - Essay Example By focusing differentition on product, businesses could commnd premium prices for their products. Products represented top-of-the-line offerings in the industry. In this mrket, degree of differentition is not lrge. Nike entrees mrket where competitors cn differentite their products nd tht is why hve less rivlry. Rivlry is reduced where customers hve high switching costs - i.e. there is significnt cost ssocited with the decision to receive products from n lterntive competitor. Nike proposes to its customers competitive prices nd ensure customer stisfction. Nike's min competitor (Dniels et l 2006), dids, follows the strtegy which hs gret impct on competition. The nlysis suggests tht ny superior mtch between compny competencies nd customers needs permits the firm to outperform competitors. In generl, Nike bses its competitive strtegy on overll ledership nd differentition constructing the most efficient fcilities (in terms of scle or technology) nd obtins the lrgest shre of mrket. These dvntges, in turn, give them substntil led in terms of experience with building the service. Experience then leds to more refinements of the entire process of production, delivery, nd service, which leds to further cost reductions. Nike hs mrketble portfolio which ensures its ledership position on the mrket. The study reveled tht Nike does not pursue low-cost strtegies. Within these globl competitive environments, Nike overwhelmingly emphsizes differentition strtegies, where competitive positioning is predominntly bsed on qulity offerings nd brnd imge. Qulity is lmost universlly stressed s necessry determinnt of competitiveness. nother theme evident in the findings is the importnce strtegy-industry fit plys in determining business unit performnce. Here it is recognized tht perceptions of industry pressures my be more importnt thn the ctul pressures in determining strtegies nd hence performnce (Johnson & Scholes 2003). Question 2 In order to improve its strtegies position, Nike should chieve competition dvntge nd re-position itself. The compny cn position itself s premium brnd which proposes exceptionl qulity. While ll businesses my emphsize qulity, some my select strtegy bsed on further differentiting their offerings ccording to the qulity of the products nd services they provide. Indeed, in this study one of the dominnt competitive positioning strtegy types identified is 'high-qulity" (Johnson & Scholes 2003). Here, the emphsis on qulity permetes every ctivity long the vlue chin; qulity is clerly the overriding determinnt of competitive positioning. The exceptionl qulity is crucil for footbll tems nd the 2008 Europen Chmpionship. In this cse, qulity domintes competitive positioning nd differentites businesses in globl scle. Here, qulity is consistent with both innovtion nd speciliztion (Dniels et l 2006). Mngeril perceptions of strong pressures re evidence tht lrge number of businesses competing in globl industries mke imprecise ssessments of globl industry opportunities nd threts. It is possible to ssume tht Nike's competitors will follow cost focus strtegy nd cost differentition. dids, direct competitor of Nike, provides comprble buyer vlue but perform the ctivities less efficiently. In contorts, Nike performs the ctivities in unique wy which rises the vlue to the consumer nd thus llows them to commnd premium price - the

Analytical Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analytical Paper - Essay Example Moreover, the sign boards and signals that can be seen in both sides of the road helps the driver to be conscious about the importance of limited speed while driving, attention to other vehicles and pedestrians. As the rules and regulations are formulated to help the individual citizen to perform his or her rights and duties in a successful manner, it helps one to be aware of one’s rights while driving or travelling and to be duty minded towards other drivers, travelers and pedestrians. Government and the authorized department on road safety should give importance to public safety and give proper training and education against motor vehicle violence. Besides, education on road rage would help driver to become a responsible driver. The process of widening the Roads is essential because it helps to reduce the chance for traffic congestion in important places. Government must provide financial support for secure roads and make public attentiveness for safe and sound roads. Besides, the authorities must boost the media which expose the misconduct and misbehavior from the drivers while driving and must use it for advertisement and campaign purpose against road rage and safety. Karin Sternberg makes clear that: â€Å"When suddenly enraged drivers commit acts of road rage, they may have a flash of hatred and destructive intent toward those who have harmed them, whether in reality or imagination;† (Sternberg, 2008, p.17) misbehavior while driving create hatred in other drivers and will cause severe problems, reality or imagination. The usage of monitoring equipments like close circuit camera, speed detector, breath analyzer etc can detect violent actions and misbehavior on road and is essential to prevent road rage. The authorities must show keen interest and vigilance to fix cameras on appropriate places and must provide maximum punishment to traffic rule violators who are involved in the road rage activities. Andrea Campbell makes clear that: â€Å"Road rage and

Media Giant Rupert Murdoch And His Empire Media Essay

Media Giant Rupert Murdoch And His Empire Media Essay As the new millennium dawned, global television tracked the rise of the sun across the world (Thussu, 2006, p. 1). The twenty-first century brought with it the opportunity for millions of people to be able to communicate internationally in different time zones (Thussu, 2006). In such a global village that we live in, competition plays a magnetic role for attracting media giants to be present across borders spreading like wild fire. An apparition now haunts the world: The birth of a mercantile media structure is globally dominated by a diminutive numeral of influential media giants, mostly U.S.-based transnational media corporations (TNMCs). This structure continuously strives to strengthen the foundation of the global market and works towards advancing commercial values, while negatively portrays journalism and culture. It is a disaster for anything but the most superficial notion of democracya democracy where, to paraphrase John Jays maxim, those who own the world ought to govern it. (McChesney, 1997). The development of this mercantile system is very recent. Previously in history i.e. 1980s, the structure was tilted towards national boundaries. Communication and media industries were locally regulated and owned while importing limited music, books, TV shows, and films for decades. The decade of the 1980s saw the worlds economy become more fully privatized. Current trends in privatization and free market economies have led to an international consolidation of media companies. The trend towards consolidation has begun to emerge worldwide (Gershon, 1997, p. 5).The pressure implanted by the IMF, World Bank, and U.S. government in the 1980s to deregulate and privatize media and communication systems which overlapped with the new digital and satellite technologies led to the consequences towards the growth of transnational media giants (McChesney, 1997). The Major US media giants which dominate numerous universal media and international media-related markets are Time Warner, Disney, News Corporation, Viacom, and NBC Universal among a few others. They are spread widely nationally and across national borders. All are based in the United States, the central nation, with broad semi peripheral and some peripheral market activities (McPhail, 2006). This paper will concentrate on the media giant Rupert Murdoch and his empire News Corporation, one of the main benefactors of privatization of infrastructure of global communication. It will briefly describe the history of the existence of the company whilst focusing on an analysis of the international expansion strategy that Murdoch adapted during his journey to acquire the world of media. While analysing different strategies; as well as geographic expansion, there will be an effort to decipher the relation of the tools of extension to the powerful existence of different theories which have played a vital role in the establishment of media structures. Historical Background of News Corporation Changes in technology have pushed the flow of transnational traffic in media products. This development has mainly benefitted media conglomerates like News Corporation which lead media content and delivery mechanism by owning numerous networks and production facilities. This commercial dominance has raised many concerns about cultural homogenization. However, an obvious effort has been noted towards regionalisation and localisation of content to match local and cultural precedence of viewers given the heterogeneity of the universal market (Thussu, 2007) The President and founder of the News Corporation Ltd, Keith Rupert Murdoch, is a legendary example of a tycoon from his era who contributed immensely in the 19th century towards the tradition of the great press barons (Gershon, 1997). Murdoch, in one of his speeches said that For better or for worse, our company (The News Corporation Ltd.) is a reflection of my thinking, my character, my values. Rupert Murdochs universal vision of a new communications atmosphere is made up of both a corporate strategy and a social vision. The companys existence can be traced to the year 1923, in Australia, when News limited was set up in Adelaide with the intention of circulating a daily newspaper. Rupert Murdochs father Sir Keith Murdoch invested in minority interest in News limited in the year of 1949. The company was then officially established in South Australia in 1979 (Gershon, 1997). News Corporation is an entertainment based transnational media company which diversifies within eight different media sectors including Newspapers, Book Publishing, Magazines and Inserts, Filmed Entertainment, Television, Direct Broadcast Satellite Television, Cable Network Programming and other. Geographically the activities of News Corporation are spread out primarily in the United Sates, the United Kingdom, Continental Europe, Australia, Asia and the Pacific Basin (News Corporation Press Releases, 2010). News Corporation is engaged in the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and Ireland in the publishing business of magazines, newspapers through its variety of subsidiaries. The Company publishes English language books worldwide via its wholly owned subsidiary HarperCollins Publishers. Furthermore their subsidiaries allow them to be also involved in the enlargement, invention and allotment of network and television programming as well as broadcasting television stations. It also owns shares in BSkyB and V, and Sky Italia which are involved in the direct broadcast satellite (DBS) business. The company currently owns the entire FOX franchise of broadcast networks; as well FOX film studios responsible for many blockbusters (News Corporation Annual Report, 2007) The birth of free flow of information after World War II contributed majorly towards the liberation of media markets. This theory lead to the existence of modernization theory, it also played a vital role in the decision of privatization. Murdoch has strategized to make competent use of liberation of cross-media ownership widely in the USA and the British media markets. He also strategically entered the private satellite operators into the arena of telecommunications and broadcasting. News Corporation risked a large sum on investment by leasing time on new satellite ventures such as Astra and Asia Sat (Thussu, 2000), Murdoch has been able to create a truly international media corporation, at the heart of which is satellite television. (Thussu, 2000, p. 107) All parent companies and subsidiaries are united through a common owner Rupert Murdoch. Murdoch demonstrates an expansion strategy through vertical integration, which has played a vital role in its most crucial times. The company was one of early migratory conglomerates of vertical integration, this move helped News Corporation to utilize the profits through its content operation via their existence in numerous distribution sectors of the media value chain. This move has certainly been a tactical way to achieve authority and probably produce a profitable position in various media markets (Flew and Gilmour, 2003). Murdoch chose to adapt a borrow and buy philosophy that enabled him to debt leverage his way to the very top. Each successful acquisition would generate profitable results however that required greater patience. Foundations of News Corporation in Australia After his fathers death on his return to Australia in 1954 Murdoch instantly started to struggle to increase the circulation of his Adelaide newspaper. Despite the negative attitude of other publishers and the constant underrating by his opposition he dedicated all his efforts to the print business with a passion, and learned the techniques of every aspect of newspaper production. He published exciting news stories in an effective writing style, soon making returns to Murdochs small holdings. He strategically took risks by acquiring smaller newspapers that were not doing well and then turned them around (Tuccille, 2003) Murdoch in a few years of success bought his first television station in July 1959, in Adelaide, calling it Southern TV. He was an innovative young man who throughout was in search for new communication technologies continuously making an effort to amalgamate them into his existing businesses. Later in a year he took over the Daily Mirror in Sydney and its associated Sunday paper for $4 million; the paper soon enough was known to be notorious for exciting and bizarre headlines and articles about sex and mayhem. He took immediate action to change this image and established TheAustralian in the mid of1964, as a national newspaper in Canberra. This paper was a twist from the norm; it discussed social issues and government policies and rapidly acquired the respect of journalists. (Encyclopedia of Business, 2010) Expansion to Britain Murdochs past in the U.K., from his days in Oxford, had left in him bitterness for the English upper class; they had made him feel like an outsider, as if they regarded Australians as inferior being and he planned to strike back at them. He had planned to expand to Britain at the first opportunity. As evident, Murdoch has no set strategy to operate his business; however he expanded internationally through making strategic alliances in Britain which later he transformed into acquisitions. This is evident as he become a principle investor in 1969 for News of the World (a newspaper previously owned by the Carr family) while facing direct competition by Robert Maxwell, who had an infamous reputation in the news circle. Murdoch gradually became the sole proprietor for News of the World by manipulating complete control of the corporation (Tuccille, 2003) In the same year he had an opportunity to take over a dying newspaper at its true cost called the Sun formerly known as the Daily Herald, a predominantly left-wing newspaper. The unions at that time felt that Murdoch would have been a better choice to keep the newspaper viable and trade union jobs unharmed, as opposed to Maxwell who had also shown interest in buying the newspaper. Murdoch revamped the newspaper into a tabloid which was greatly criticized by many of the British newspaper establishments. However Murdochs rebellious nature ignored the criticism and planned to assemble a team of reporters and promotion experts including many from Australia. By the 1970s the Sun had become Britains most popular publication with an increase in circulation to 1.7 million, which at present is replaced by 4 million. News Corporation has grown beyond its newspapers origin as it continues to be the largest newspaper producer in the world. In addition News Corporation owns many different British newspapers including the prestigious, The Times, New of the World, and The Sunday Times (Gershon, 1997). Murdoch uses cross-media ownership and synergies as another strategy, resulting in him being able to promote his ventures across, virtually, all media segments. There is an expectation by News Corporation for major synergies to be created between U.S. satellite operations and its global business. These synergies are part technology-related, for example by sharing security software or electronic programme guides, and part content related, as for the example the combined bidding for global sports rights. The power of cross-platform synergies is most evident in association to motion picture studios and television/cable platforms and networks. This is the vicinity where synergistic potential of power in relation to media supply chain are mainly noticeable (Gunther, 2003). Furthermore, Murdochs launch of Sky Digital in 1989, a four channel satellite television service, was afterwards merged with a competitor named British Satellite Broadcasting to form British Sky Broadcasting, in 1990. The merger instantly became a success with its multi-channel subscription service which was positioned to dominate interactive digital television (Forreste, 2010). BSkyB provides a wide portfolio of genres of television programming like entertainment, news, sports etc. in order to cater to a wide variety of target audience. Sky News and Sports have seen trends of consistent growth and viewership (McPhail, 2006). Moreover, BSkyB is now Europes most profitable broadcaster with 40% holding of U.K. news corporations; though at one point it led New Corporation towards bankruptcy due to a week global economy and lack of cash flow (Guardian, 2010) Murdochs media power supported Margret Thatcher with her struggle to liberalize regulation on cross media ownership. The victory of the British labour party in the 1997 election supported by the Sun lead to the Murdochization of the media, which transformed the media background in the U.K. and other countries. Since then, entertainment and infotainment have emphasised at the price of the public service function of the media (Thussu, 2006). Expansion to Europe Having established a base in the U.K., Murdoch expanded his business into Continental Europe by establishing partnerships in Germany and Italy. News Corporation penetrated the satellite television industry in 1983. It possessed many assets in Satellite Television PLC (SATV), which during the 1980s was set up to supply to Northern European audience. After two years alongside the scrutiny of the BBC, SATV, renamed Sky Channel and consisted approximately, of three million subscribers in 11 European countries. Murdoch was not encouraged in further increasing his acquisitions as he had already forged a union with, French television giant Canal Plus to create paid-television-services across Europe. Having only conquered 6% of Western Europe, few homes had cable television; the market for pay-TV was unreached (Fiero, 2002). Now News Corporations central business policy is to use soccer as a fuel to powered satellite dish sales across Europe. Murdoch is using sports programming to enter new markets; he has acquired premium sports rights for his network and is using an identical content approach that he pursued with BSkyB (News Corporation Annual Report, 2007). Expansion to the U.S.A. Murdochs journey to enter the U.S. market began in 1976 when he acquired the New York Post. Following this, in September 1985 Murdoch decided to become an American citizen in order to satisfy the legal requirements of the U.S. markets that only a U.S. citizen was permitted to own assets in the U.S. television industry. Later that year News Corporation entered the U.S. media market, by purchasing Metromedias seven television stations amounted at $2 billion. Murdoch not only took over these seven stations but also gained their market rank and their competitive position. This purchase resulted News Corporation to build the foundation of Fox television network. In 1986, News Corporation purchased 20th Century Fox for $1.55 billion (Fiero, 2002) From Murdochs early stages of business acquisitions recognized the significance of vertical integration as a strategy for launching a new business. In the two years Murdoch was guaranteed to create a stable source of programming and readymade distribution channels. The Fox Television Network was launched in April 1987 with 108 affiliates. Fox network opted for a highly differentiated strategy in comparison to the other U.S. networks. They plan to aim their programming towards a younger and urban audience. Fox introduced three distinguishing programming formats, reality based, counter culture and tabloid television (Albarran, Chan-Olmsted, O. Wirt, 2006) In the early years of development Murdoch faced heavy financial losses, however in a few years the network was able to reach 91% of United States through an amalgamation of VHF and low powered UHF stations. The network also transformed its programming from three nights a week to five nights. The financial recovery of these loses how Murdochs long term strategy in which he is prepared to suffer losses in the short run with the expectation of gaining long term returns in the future. Murdochs synergizing strategy helped him save Fox network in its initial years by cross investing from his other well to do companies (Gershon, 1997). Further to this Mr Murdoch and his management spend a good deal of time lobbying for support for proposed mergers and acquisitions and for favourable changes in the law such as those relating to media ownership and digital piracy in the USA. (Curwen, 1999) Other assets under News Corporation in the U.S. are the Weekly Standard, Hughes Electronics with a 34 % stake in the company and DIRECTV. Â  The vertically expansion acquisition of DirecTV is a fundamental piece representing Murdochs media empire, providing him with a lucrative distribution platform in the US, which can be used to offset the rising influence of large cable operators such as Comcast. There is a strong concern that News Corporation might not be able to advantage from its economies of scale and from efficient allocation of resources as of its vertical structure due to variations in strategies with DirecTV. Joint ventures with DirecTV are necessary for absolute vertical integration which allows News Corporation to adapt to an incomplete vertical structure. It may be added that Mr Murdochs position is so dominant that there is a niggling fear that he could yet put recent advances at risk, although he has recently made clear that the immediate strategy is to absorb and im prove DIRECTV rather than make further acquisitions. (Curwen, 1999). In 2005 News Corporation bought inter-mix media which holds myspace.com and many other famous social networking websites. In 2007 News Corporation attained Dow Jones, the publishers of the famous Wall Street Journal for $ 5.6 billion (News Corporation Annual Report, 2007) One of Murdochs moves has lead to a shift in the Australian market as he announced to move the head quarters from his native land to the U.S. This has created uproars and criticism by many, however the U.S. government subsided this protest by announcing that this move was in the best interest of the U.S. market (Shah, 2004). Expansion to the Asian Markets News Corporation further expanded to the Asian media market in the mid 1990s by investing in a joint venture with Phoenix TV and Star TV. Star TV then acquired Hutchvision Hong Kong Ltd; the very first satellite television licence in 1998. Very soon Star TV in China realised that Pan Asian broadcasting was not a practical strategy to adopt for Asian markets. Hence, it divided the media services into northern and southern i.e. China and India, respectively, as their main target. The flourishing Zee TV which is a joint venture of Star TV in India broadcasted in their native language Hindi further emphasised for Star TV to go local. Therefore Star TV continuously was on a quest to seek joint venture prospects in the district (Chalaby, 2005) News Corporation has used an array of strategies to consolidate its position in Asia, potentially the worlds biggest television market.(Thussu, 2000, p. 112). STAR TV network was set up to cater Asian audiences to global corporations and promoters. The enhancement of technology in satellites and dishes as well as the rapid expansion of liberalization and government deregulation certifies a concrete broadcasting future in Asia. STAR TV aims to stay in Asia on the very top of Satellite broadcasting. To capitalize on viewership Star TV is moving towards local language fare (McPhail, 2006) Star TV has assertively taken on the strategy of indigenisation in offering localized channels. This is truly an example of going glocal this strategy demonstrates how the global can include both the transnational and geo-culture by nominating the local to sustain the leading flow. Their localized channels include Star Chinese channel (for Taiwan), Star Japan, Star Plus and Star News for India, VIVIA cinema for the Philippines. ESPN Star Sports a joint venture of ESPN and Star to provide coverage of Pan Asian and international sports event is Asia. Murdochs Star Select are gradually localizing their content to cross into the gulf region. This Arabisation includes the use of subtitles for American programs and sensitising language as well as the depictions of sex and nudity (Thussu, 2006). In Asia News Corporation are faced with many burdens; political, economical, cultural and social. In order to eliminate these barriers to entry this works hand-in-hand with morality, democracy as well as with capitalism. This liberation of mechanisms for Asia is a result of communication, capitalism and democracy which create greater access, choice prosperity and social equality (Weber, 1995). Conclusion With News Corporation Murdoch has created an international empire of media, technology and sports franchise. His vast multimedia holdings have always been global in nature. With satellite system in Europe (BSkyB) Asia (Star TV) and North America (direct TV) Murdoch may be on his way to create a global media infrastructure (McPhail, 2006). There are three main strategies News Corporations business model is based on vertical control and horizontal networking, vicious quest of market expansion and the leveraging of community, and political elite opinion. In context of globalisation theory the company has been steadily occupied in structuring a foundation of geographically dispersed assets via mergers and acquisitions, direct foreign investment and strategic partnerships. This mechanism is interconnected, equally fundamental and established on the capability of Murdoch to build connection between media, political and economic system in the joint ventures of the corporations financial development (Arsenault and Castells, 2008) News Corporation consists of many various businesses within the umbrella of the company and therefore when examining the overall strategy of News Corporation, one needs to understand and scrutinize the various, individual, tactics that each sub-business applies in order to stay ahead of their competition in each respected industry. When examining Murdochs growth-tactics, in order to expand the News Corporation Empire, it would be adequate to state that he practices very aggressive strategies despite the industry divergences. In the print industry the company has adopted a cost-leadership strategy (van den Bosch, de Man, 1997), in order to monopolize the industry competition. When it comes to the television media, i.e. Fox, the company has spread in many directions, and their assets are vertically integrated to live up to the strategies of expansion in order to benefit from long-term returns. News Corporation has always been in quest to search power more than distribution, and the introduction of new digital technologies has created an opportunity to develop that type of power. The proceedings that help the continuous growth of News Corporation are the mature, non-digital distribution activities. Murdoch complies with a three-phase strategy in which profitable, high growth old businesses move the company ahead and please investors while mature parts of the company fund the growth areas of the future. (Turow, 2009). Diversification of News Corporation might create a possibility to enhance the position as more than one sector of the business is experiencing damaging changes. The major issue with that would be that Company would have to either adjust to an absolutely new business, or they would have to stick to what they know and hope they can keep ahead in the media market. Globally News Corporation thinks of itself more grandly than other media conglomerates. Like Disney another major media conglomerate, News Corporation necessitates for synergy among subsidiaries, global reach, and the use of new technologies. Unlike the other giants, News Corporation does not run on a business model of an official planning department. Criticism has been highlighted upon the way the company does not undertake acquisitions on the grounds of comprehending synergies with the core businesses, but mainly have the incentive of acquiring an asset on a lower price and selling it for a significant profit after it has been turned around. Due to which News Corporation lacks the connectivity to exploit synergies to its full capacity. The company is vastly spread out with very little connectivity. Murdochs strategic vision has always composed of expansion as the key factor. He has deserted his 1980s high-debt strategy, and has substituted it with more conservative management style. This allows him to be less dependent and exempts him from creating short-term shareholder value and rather focusing on long-term vision even if shareholders and financial markets would likely oppose such actions (Freedman, 1996). Murdochs strategies at times seemed risky and unsuitable and were against market norms but his commendable ability to handle the media industry, his fearless risk taking approach, joint with his exemplary familiarity of the media industries and his mystifying capability to sense the popular pulse, still lead to his extraordinary success (Thussu, 2000) Rupert Murdoch is a businessman. He has built News Corporations competitive advantage by continuing to maintain control of his joint ventures with other media giants and by leveraging his ability to influence audiences around the world in order to gain political favours. Authority in every system is attained on the foundation of safe entrant to the others. According to this point of view, Murdochs authority is not bound to a particular association with a political actor in a nation at any one point in time. What really matters is his control over multiple connecting points (Arsenault and Castells, 2008). Murdoch quoted The world is changing very fast. Big will not beat small anymore, It will be the fast beating the slow (Chappelle, 2007).